HAEMATURIA WORKUP

Microscopic Haematuria

Microscopic Haematuria (defined as >3RBC/HPF ie. blood in the urine that cannot be seen) should be evaluated with history and physical examination to identify precipitating factors (infection, menstruation, renal stones or recent urological procedures).  If proteinuria is present or red cell morphology is concerning the patient should also receive concurrent nephrology consultation. 

Dr Winter recommends the following investigations to work-up microscopic haematuria to screen for a malignant cause (ie: bladder, urethra, upper tract carcinomas or locally advanced prostate cancer):

•        Urine cytology x3 (ie. on 3 separate consecutive days, not first morning sample)

•        Urine MCS

•        CT IVP (KUB US is sufficient in low risk individuals or patients with renal failure)

•        PSA (in men)

If any of the above tests are concerning or patient has risk factors for bladder or upper tract carcinomas (ie: smoker, personal or family history, occupational exposure to paints/dyes or rubbers), Dr Winter will arrange for a Cystoscopy.

* CTIVP = CT Urogram

Gross or Macroscopic Haematuria

Macroscopic haematuria (bleeding that can be seen) is much more concerning for a malignant cause.  

Dr Winter recommends the following investigations to work-up macroscopic haematuria:

•        Urine cytology x3 (ie. on 3 separate consecutive days, not first morning sample)

•        Urine MCS

•        CT IVP (KUB US if patient has renal failure)

•        PSA (in men)

Dr Winter will arrange for a Cystoscopy.